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Citroën Traction Avant Berline 1934

The 1934 Citroën Traction Avant Berline belongs to the very first examples of the model family launched that year. It reflects Citroën’s aim to create a car that sat lower, handled more securely, and looked more modern than the rear-wheel-drive cars that preceded it in the range. In this form, the four-door saloon was the most common body style for the 1934 to 1936 period. Its shape carries the cues that make the Traction Avant instantly identifiable: a low stance and enveloping fenders. Early cars can show varying details from one example to another, so year and surviving condition matter a great deal when identifying one today.

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Citroën Traction Avant Berline 1934
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History

The Traction Avant was conceived during a difficult period for Citroën, when the company was seeking a major technical and stylistic break from its previous cars. André Citroën wanted a car that was lower, more modern, and more stable than the rear-wheel-drive models in the range, while André Lefèbvre led the engineering work and Flaminio Bertoni contributed to the body design. The 7A was presented on 18 April 1934, and the family was then expanded with the 7 and 11 models. In that setting, the 1934 Berline was the most natural expression of the new car, offering a closed four-door layout suited to everyday touring use.

The launch was ambitious, but the first cars still suffered from development issues, especially around the transmission and build quality. Citroën’s financial problems then led Michelin to take control of the company in 1934. Under this new direction, the Traction Avant was gradually refined and the range grew through additional body styles and variants. The Berline stayed central to the offer because it matched the most common and representative configuration of the Traction Avant in its early years.

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Production

Citroën states a total Traction Avant production figure of 759,123 units between 1934 and 1957. The dossier does not provide a specific number for the 1934 Berline, nor a separate breakdown for this body style in the early years. It does, however, clearly indicate that the Berline was one of the most common forms for the 1934 to 1936 period, which explains its central place in the model’s story. Precise identification of an example therefore depends more on body details, date, and serial number than on a production split that is not documented here.

Evolution

For the 1934 to 1936 period, the Berline was the most widespread four-door body style of the Traction Avant. It belongs to the first phase of the family, alongside the 7A and then the 7 and 11 models. This period does not follow modern-style official generations, but rather a sequence of developments within the same basic architecture. For a 1934 car, the date, body style, and serial number are therefore more reliable than the commercial name alone.

Early cars may carry several details specific to the beginning of the model’s career, although these are not always identical from one example to another. The Berline is mainly identified by its closed four-door body, while other versions in the range use two doors or a more practical layout. In later years, the Traction Avant received many improvements, but the 1934 Berline remains the most direct expression of the model as it first appeared on the market.

Variants

Among the early production versions, the Berline is the most common four-door body style. It should be distinguished from the Faux Cabriolet, which has a closed two-door profile, and the Cabriolet, which uses a more open layout with a folding top. These derivatives are now much less common and may include specific body details depending on when they were made.

The long-wheelbase versions, such as the Commerciale and Familiale, differ from the Berline in proportions and in their more practical purpose. They are associated with greater overall length and a roomier cabin, serving a different role within the range. For the 1934 Berline, the key point is that it stands as the standard body style of the line, rather than as a version whose exact mechanical specification can be inferred from the body name alone.

References

Understanding the name

At Citroën, each part of the name carries information: family, power level, energy. Several of those rules changed along the way.

Decode a Citroën name